Merge branch 'feat-additional-compensation' of https://github.com/jpirnay/crosspoint-reader into mybuild

lib/I18n/translations/english.yaml

@@ -83,6 +83,43 @@ STR_PARA_ALIGNMENT: "Reader Paragraph Alignment"
 STR_HYPHENATION: "Hyphenation"
 STR_TIME_TO_SLEEP: "Time to Sleep"
 STR_SHOW_HIDDEN_FILES: "Show Hidden Files"
+STR_USE_CLOCK: "Use Clock"
+STR_CLOCK_SETTINGS: "Clock Settings"
+STR_CLOCK_SETTINGS_WARNING: "Uses more battery; clock may drift"
+STR_CLOCK: "Clock"
+STR_CLOCK_FORMAT: "Clock Format"
+STR_TIMEZONE: "Timezone"
+STR_24H: "24h"
+STR_12H: "12h"
+STR_TZ_UTC: "UTC (GMT/BST)"
+STR_TZ_CET: "Central Europe (CET/CEST)"
+STR_TZ_EET: "Eastern Europe (EET/EEST)"
+STR_TZ_EST: "US Eastern (EST/EDT)"
+STR_TZ_CST: "US Central (CST/CDT)"
+STR_TZ_MST: "US Mountain (MST/MDT)"
+STR_TZ_PST: "US Pacific (PST/PDT)"
+STR_TZ_AEST: "Australia Eastern (AEST/AEDT)"
+STR_TZ_NZST: "New Zealand (NZST/NZDT)"
+STR_TZ_MSK: "Russia (MSK)"
+STR_TZ_UTC_MINUS3: "South America (UTC-3)"
+STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS4: "Gulf (UTC+4)"
+STR_TZ_IST: "India (UTC+5:30)"
+STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS7: "SE Asia (UTC+7)"
+STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS8: "China/SE Asia (UTC+8)"
+STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS9: "Japan/Korea (UTC+9)"
+STR_SYNC_TIME: "Sync Time"
+STR_DETECT_TIMEZONE: "Detect Timezone"
+STR_SYNCING_CLOCK: "Syncing clock..."
+STR_DETECTING_TIMEZONE: "Detecting timezone..."
+STR_TIME_SYNCED: "Time synced"
+STR_TIME_SYNC_FAILED: "Time sync failed"
+STR_CLOCK_DRIFT: "Drift: %s"
+STR_LAST_NTP_SYNC: "Last sync: %s"
+STR_TIMEZONE_DETECTED: "Timezone detected"
+STR_TIMEZONE_DETECT_FAILED: "Timezone detect failed"
+STR_DST_ACTIVE: "DST: active"
+STR_DST_INACTIVE: "DST: inactive"
+STR_DST_UNKNOWN: "DST: unknown"
 STR_REFRESH_FREQ: "Refresh Frequency"
 STR_KOREADER_SYNC: "KOReader Sync"
 STR_CHECK_UPDATES: "Check for updates"

lib/Logging/Logging.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "Logging.h"
 
+#include <HalClock.h>
+
 #include <string>
 
 #define MAX_ENTRY_LEN 256
@@ -41,7 +43,14 @@ void logPrintf(const char* level, const char* origin, const char* format, ...) {
   // add the timestamp
   {
     unsigned long ms = millis();
-    int len = snprintf(c, sizeof(buf), "[%lu] ", ms);
+    char wallClock[12];
+    HalClock::formatLogTime(wallClock, sizeof(wallClock));
+    int len;
+    if (wallClock[0] != '\0') {
+      len = snprintf(c, sizeof(buf), "[%lu %s] ", ms, wallClock);
+    } else {
+      len = snprintf(c, sizeof(buf), "[%lu] ", ms);
+    }
     if (len < 0) {
       return;  // encoding error, skip logging
     }

lib/hal/HalClock.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+#include "HalClock.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <Preferences.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#include <esp_private/esp_clk.h>
+#include <esp_sntp.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+// ---- RTC-memory state (survives deep sleep, not cold boot) ----------------
+
+static constexpr uint32_t CLOCK_RTC_MAGIC = 0xC10C4B1D;
+static constexpr uint32_t CLOCK_RTC_FLAG_LP_VALID = 0x00000001u;
+
+// Temperature drift model for ESP32 RTC-based timekeeping.
+//
+// The chip's low-power (slow) clock frequency depends on temperature.
+// ESP32 variants can drift by about 2 minutes per day per °C from the
+// initial captured operating temperature.
+//
+// - dt_drift ≈ 120 seconds/day/°C
+// - relative frequency error per second per °C = 120 / 86400
+//
+// At restore() we apply a first-order correction over the sleep interval:
+// corrected_interval = raw_interval × (1 + ΔT × drift_factor), where
+// drift_factor = 120 / 86400.
+//
+// Experimental source: https://www.reddit.com/r/esp32/comments/11cikkp/the_clock_on_the_esp_is_wrong/
+static constexpr float CLOCK_TEMP_DRIFT_SECONDS_PER_SECOND_PER_DEG = 120.0f / 86400.0f;
+
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static uint32_t rtcClockMagic;
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static uint32_t rtcClockFlags;
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static time_t rtcEpoch;        // last-known unix epoch
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static uint64_t rtcLpTimeUs;   // esp_clk_rtc_time() at capture
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static uint32_t rtcSlowCal;    // esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get() at capture
+RTC_NOINIT_ATTR static float rtcTemperatureC;  // captured chip temperature at save
+
+static bool clockApproximate = true;
+
+// Drift correction scale factor (learned from NTP sync results).
+//
+// Raw temp drift model uses 2 min/day/°C -> factor = 120/86400. This is a
+// generic base model. The actual board may behave a bit differently. On each
+// NTP sync we estimate how the local clock error compares to the model and
+// update this scale factor slightly to converge toward real world behavior.
+//
+// rtcDriftScale = 1.0 means we trust 2 min/day/°C exactly. If the device is
+// slower/faster than that, NTP drift calibration adjusts this factor.
+static float rtcDriftScale = 1.0f;
+
+static unsigned long lastPeriodicUpdateMs = 0;
+static constexpr unsigned long PERIODIC_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS = 10UL * 60UL * 1000UL;
+
+struct TimeZoneEntry {
+  const char* tz;
+};
+
+static constexpr TimeZoneEntry TIMEZONES[] = {
+    {"GMT0BST,M3.5.0/1,M10.5.0/2"},
+    {"CET-1CEST,M3.5.0/2,M10.5.0/3"},
+    {"EET-2EEST,M3.5.0/3,M10.5.0/4"},
+    {"MSK-3"},
+    {"UTC-4"},
+    {"UTC-5:30"},
+    {"UTC-7"},
+    {"UTC-8"},
+    {"UTC-9"},
+    {"AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0/2,M4.1.0/3"},
+    {"NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0/2,M4.1.0/3"},
+    {"UTC+3"},
+    {"EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2"},
+    {"CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2"},
+    {"MST7MDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2"},
+    {"PST8PDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2"},
+};
+
+// ---- NVS helpers ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+// If the last NTP sync is older than this, treat a cold-boot restore as
+// unsynced rather than showing a potentially very wrong time.
+static constexpr int64_t STALE_THRESHOLD_S = 72 * 3600;  // 72 hours
+
+static constexpr char NVS_NAMESPACE[] = "halclock";
+static constexpr char NVS_KEY[] = "epoch";
+static constexpr char NVS_SYNC_KEY[] = "lastsync";
+static constexpr char NVS_DRIFT_KEY[] = "driftcoef";
+static constexpr char NVS_TEMP_KEY[] = "lasttemp";
+
+static void nvsWrite(time_t epoch) {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, false)) {
+    prefs.putLong64(NVS_KEY, (int64_t)epoch);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+}
+
+static void nvsWriteDriftScale(float driftScale) {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, false)) {
+    prefs.putFloat(NVS_DRIFT_KEY, driftScale);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+}
+
+static float nvsReadDriftScale() {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  float result = 1.0f;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, true)) {
+    result = prefs.getFloat(NVS_DRIFT_KEY, 1.0f);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+  // Guard against NaN, Inf, or out-of-range values from corrupted NVS.
+  if (!std::isfinite(result) || result < 0.1f || result > 5.0f) {
+    result = 1.0f;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void nvsWriteLastSyncTemp(float tempC) {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, false)) {
+    prefs.putFloat(NVS_TEMP_KEY, tempC);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+}
+
+static float nvsReadLastSyncTemp() {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  float result = 0.0f;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, true)) {
+    result = prefs.getFloat(NVS_TEMP_KEY, 0.0f);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void nvsWriteSyncTime(time_t syncEpoch) {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, false)) {
+    prefs.putLong64(NVS_SYNC_KEY, (int64_t)syncEpoch);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+}
+
+static time_t nvsRead() {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  time_t epoch = 0;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, true)) {
+    epoch = (time_t)prefs.getLong64(NVS_KEY, 0);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+  return epoch;
+}
+
+static time_t nvsReadSyncTime() {
+  Preferences prefs;
+  time_t syncEpoch = 0;
+  if (prefs.begin(NVS_NAMESPACE, true)) {
+    syncEpoch = (time_t)prefs.getLong64(NVS_SYNC_KEY, 0);
+    prefs.end();
+  }
+  return syncEpoch;
+}
+
+// ---- internal helpers -----------------------------------------------------
+
+static float readChipTemperatureC() {
+  // ESP32 and ESP32-C3 use the internal ADC temperature sensor.
+  return (float)temperatureRead();
+}
+
+static void setSystemClock(time_t epoch) {
+  struct timeval tv = {};
+  tv.tv_sec = epoch;
+  settimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
+}
+
+static bool rtcValid() { return rtcClockMagic == CLOCK_RTC_MAGIC && rtcEpoch > 0; }
+
+/// Compute temperature-corrected elapsed seconds from LP timer delta.
+/// Uses the trapezoidal rule (average of start + end temperature) as a
+/// first-order approximation of the temperature integral over the interval.
+/// Returns the corrected elapsed seconds and updates lpNowOut/calNowOut
+/// for the caller to re-baseline.
+static double computeCorrectedElapsedSec(uint64_t lpNow, float tempNow) {
+  uint32_t calNow = esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get();
+  uint64_t elapsedUs;
+  if (rtcSlowCal != 0 && calNow != 0) {
+    // rtcLpTimeUs was computed with rtcSlowCal; convert it to the
+    // current calibration basis so the subtraction is consistent.
+    uint64_t lpThenCorrected = (uint64_t)((double)rtcLpTimeUs * calNow / rtcSlowCal);
+    elapsedUs = lpNow - lpThenCorrected;
+  } else {
+    elapsedUs = lpNow - rtcLpTimeUs;
+  }
+
+  // Use the full temperature delta between the average over the interval
+  // and the calibration reference (which is the capture-time temperature).
+  // avgTemp approximates the mean temperature during the interval.
+  // The drift model says the RTC runs (1 + deltaT * driftRate) times
+  // faster/slower than nominal, so the true elapsed wall-clock time
+  // differs from the raw LP-derived time by that factor.
+  float avgTemp = (rtcTemperatureC + tempNow) * 0.5f;
+  float tempDelta = avgTemp - rtcTemperatureC;  // = (tempNow - rtcTemperatureC) / 2
+  float tempFactor = 1.0f + tempDelta * CLOCK_TEMP_DRIFT_SECONDS_PER_SECOND_PER_DEG * rtcDriftScale;
+  if (tempFactor < 0.5f) {
+    tempFactor = 0.5f;
+  } else if (tempFactor > 1.5f) {
+    tempFactor = 1.5f;
+  }
+
+  double elapsedSec = (double)elapsedUs / 1000000.0;
+  double correctedSec = elapsedSec * (double)tempFactor;
+
+  LOG_DBG("CLK", "Drift calc: startT=%.1fC nowT=%.1fC dT=%.3f factor=%.6f raw=%.3fs corr=%.3fs", rtcTemperatureC,
+          tempNow, tempDelta, tempFactor, elapsedSec, correctedSec);
+
+  return correctedSec;
+}
+
+/// Capture current time + LP timer into RTC memory, and epoch into NVS.
+static void capture(bool lpValid) {
+  rtcEpoch = time(nullptr);
+  rtcLpTimeUs = esp_clk_rtc_time();
+  rtcSlowCal = esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get();
+  rtcTemperatureC = readChipTemperatureC();
+  rtcClockMagic = CLOCK_RTC_MAGIC;
+  rtcClockFlags = lpValid ? CLOCK_RTC_FLAG_LP_VALID : 0;
+  nvsWrite(rtcEpoch);
+}
+
+// ---- public API -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace HalClock {
+
+void applyTimezone(uint8_t timeZoneSetting) {
+  const size_t index = timeZoneSetting < (sizeof(TIMEZONES) / sizeof(TIMEZONES[0])) ? timeZoneSetting : 0;
+  setenv("TZ", TIMEZONES[index].tz, 1);
+  tzset();
+  LOG_DBG("CLK", "Timezone applied: %s", TIMEZONES[index].tz);
+}
+
+bool syncNtp() {
+  time_t preSyncTime = time(nullptr);
+  time_t prevSyncTime = nvsReadSyncTime();
+  float prevSyncTemp = nvsReadLastSyncTemp();
+
+  if (esp_sntp_enabled()) {
+    esp_sntp_stop();
+  }
+
+  esp_sntp_setoperatingmode(ESP_SNTP_OPMODE_POLL);
+  esp_sntp_setservername(0, "pool.ntp.org");
+  esp_sntp_init();
+
+  int retry = 0;
+  constexpr int maxRetries = 50;  // 5 seconds
+  while (sntp_get_sync_status() != SNTP_SYNC_STATUS_COMPLETED && retry < maxRetries) {
+    vTaskDelay(100 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+    retry++;
+  }
+
+  if (retry >= maxRetries) {
+    LOG_ERR("CLK", "NTP sync timeout");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  capture(false);
+  nvsWriteSyncTime(rtcEpoch);
+
+  float currentTemp = rtcTemperatureC;
+  if (currentTemp != 0.0f) {
+    nvsWriteLastSyncTemp(currentTemp);
+  }
+
+  if (prevSyncTime > 0 && preSyncTime > 0 && rtcEpoch > prevSyncTime) {
+    float interval = (float)(rtcEpoch - prevSyncTime);
+    // error = how far the local clock was off before NTP corrected it.
+    // Positive means local clock was behind (NTP jumped us forward).
+    // Negative means local clock was ahead (NTP pulled us back).
+    float error = (float)(preSyncTime - rtcEpoch);
+    if (interval >= 60.0f) {
+      // Convert to seconds-of-drift per day.
+      float observedDriftPerDay = error * 86400.0f / interval;
+
+      // Adaptive model calibration:
+      // - Observed drift is derived from the difference between local clock
+      //   reading just before NTP and the true time reported by NTP, scaled
+      //   to a per-day rate over the interval since the previous sync.
+      // - The baseline model expects 120 sec/day per °C.
+      // - Measure temp delta since last sync (from stored NVS temp).
+      // - If large enough, compute an empirical scale to apply to the model
+      //   so future drift corrections are better aligned with actual hardware.
+      // - The scale is persisted to NVS via saveBeforeSleep().
+      float effectiveScale = rtcDriftScale;
+      float tempDelta = currentTemp - prevSyncTemp;
+      if (std::fabs(tempDelta) > 0.1f) {
+        float modelDriftPerDay = 120.0f * tempDelta;
+        if (std::fabs(modelDriftPerDay) > 0.01f) {
+          float measuredScale = observedDriftPerDay / modelDriftPerDay;
+          effectiveScale = 0.9f * rtcDriftScale + 0.1f * measuredScale;
+          effectiveScale = std::max(0.1f, std::min(5.0f, effectiveScale));
+          rtcDriftScale = effectiveScale;
+        }
+      }
+
+      LOG_DBG("CLK", "NTP drift: interval=%.0fs error=%.3fs perDay=%.3f scale=%.3f deltaT=%.2f", interval, error,
+              observedDriftPerDay, rtcDriftScale, tempDelta);
+    }
+  }
+
+  clockApproximate = false;
+  LOG_INF("CLK", "NTP synced, epoch %lld", (long long)rtcEpoch);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void saveBeforeSleep(bool keepLpAlive) {
+  if (!isSynced()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  capture(keepLpAlive);
+  // Persist learned drift scale and last temperature to NVS so they survive
+  // cold boot. We only write here (not periodically) to minimise flash wear.
+  nvsWriteDriftScale(rtcDriftScale);
+  nvsWriteLastSyncTemp(rtcTemperatureC);
+  LOG_DBG("CLK", "Saved epoch %lld before sleep (driftScale=%.3f)", (long long)rtcEpoch, rtcDriftScale);
+}
+
+void restore() {
+  rtcDriftScale = nvsReadDriftScale();
+
+  const bool lpValid = (rtcClockFlags & CLOCK_RTC_FLAG_LP_VALID) != 0;
+  if (rtcValid() && lpValid) {
+    // RTC memory survived — we woke from deep sleep.
+    //
+    // We restore the wall clock by computing elapsed real time from the
+    // LP timer delta and applying both frequency calibration and temperature
+    // drift correction.
+    //
+    // Steps:
+    // 1) Read current LP timer and slow-clock calibration.
+    // 2) Compute raw elapsed LP ticks, on the same calibration basis used
+    //    when capture() was called.
+    // 3) Convert elapsed ticks to seconds.
+    // 4) Apply temperature drift correction based on measured RTC memory
+    //    capture temperature and current chip temp.
+    // 5) Set system time to rtcEpoch + corrected elapsed seconds.
+    //
+    // This is an approximation: we use the average of start/end measured
+    // temperature as a simple integral proxy. More advanced models could
+    // sample temperature continuously, but this is a good tradeoff for low
+    // cost and better accuracy vs no temperature compensation.
+    uint64_t lpNow = esp_clk_rtc_time();
+    time_t estimated = rtcEpoch;
+    if (lpNow > rtcLpTimeUs) {
+      float tempNow = readChipTemperatureC();
+      double correctedSec = computeCorrectedElapsedSec(lpNow, tempNow);
+      estimated += (time_t)correctedSec;
+    }
+
+    setSystemClock(estimated);
+    // Re-baseline LP timer and temperature for next interval.
+    rtcEpoch = estimated;
+    rtcLpTimeUs = esp_clk_rtc_time();
+    rtcSlowCal = esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get();
+    rtcTemperatureC = readChipTemperatureC();
+    clockApproximate = true;
+    LOG_INF("CLK", "Restored from RTC + LP timer, epoch %lld", (long long)estimated);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Cold boot — try NVS.  No elapsed correction possible.
+  time_t epoch = nvsRead();
+  if (epoch > 0) {
+    time_t lastSync = nvsReadSyncTime();
+    if (lastSync > 0 && (epoch - lastSync) > STALE_THRESHOLD_S) {
+      LOG_ERR("CLK", "NVS epoch %lld is stale (last NTP sync %lld, %lld h ago), discarding", (long long)epoch,
+              (long long)lastSync, (long long)((epoch - lastSync) / 3600));
+      return;
+    }
+    setSystemClock(epoch);
+    rtcEpoch = epoch;
+    rtcLpTimeUs = esp_clk_rtc_time();
+    rtcSlowCal = esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get();
+    rtcTemperatureC = nvsReadLastSyncTemp();
+    if (rtcTemperatureC == 0.0f) {
+      rtcTemperatureC = readChipTemperatureC();
+    }
+    rtcClockMagic = CLOCK_RTC_MAGIC;
+    rtcClockFlags = 0;
+    clockApproximate = true;
+    LOG_INF("CLK", "Restored from NVS, epoch %lld (no elapsed correction)", (long long)epoch);
+  }
+}
+
+time_t now() {
+  if (!isSynced()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return time(nullptr);
+}
+
+void updatePeriodic() {
+  if (!isSynced()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  unsigned long nowMs = millis();
+  if (nowMs - lastPeriodicUpdateMs < PERIODIC_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS) {
+    return;
+  }
+  lastPeriodicUpdateMs = nowMs;
+
+  // Compute temperature-corrected elapsed time since last baseline and apply
+  // only the drift delta (correction - raw) to the system clock. The kernel
+  // clock already advanced by the raw amount, so we must not re-add it.
+  uint64_t lpNow = esp_clk_rtc_time();
+  if (lpNow <= rtcLpTimeUs) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  float tempNow = readChipTemperatureC();
+  double correctedSec = computeCorrectedElapsedSec(lpNow, tempNow);
+
+  // Raw elapsed seconds (what the kernel clock already counted).
+  uint64_t rawElapsedUs = lpNow - rtcLpTimeUs;
+  double rawSec = (double)rawElapsedUs / 1000000.0;
+
+  // The drift delta is the difference between what really elapsed
+  // (temperature-corrected) and what the kernel counted (raw).
+  double driftDeltaSec = correctedSec - rawSec;
+
+  // Re-baseline LP timer and temperature for the next interval.
+  rtcLpTimeUs = lpNow;
+  rtcSlowCal = esp_clk_slowclk_cal_get();
+  rtcTemperatureC = tempNow;
+
+  // Only nudge the system clock if the drift delta is meaningful (>50 ms).
+  // This avoids unnecessary settimeofday calls for negligible corrections.
+  if (std::fabs(driftDeltaSec) > 0.05) {
+    rtcEpoch = time(nullptr) + (time_t)driftDeltaSec;
+    setSystemClock(rtcEpoch);
+    LOG_DBG("CLK", "Periodic drift nudge: raw=%.3fs corr=%.3fs delta=%.3fs scale=%.3f", rawSec, correctedSec,
+            driftDeltaSec, rtcDriftScale);
+  }
+}
+
+bool isSynced() {
+  return time(nullptr) > 1577836800;  // > 2020-01-01
+}
+
+bool isApproximate() { return clockApproximate; }
+
+time_t lastSyncTime() { return nvsReadSyncTime(); }
+
+void formatTime(char* buf, size_t bufSize, bool use24h) {
+  if (!isSynced()) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "--:--");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  time_t t = time(nullptr);
+  struct tm timeinfo;
+  localtime_r(&t, &timeinfo);
+
+  const char* prefix = isApproximate() ? "~" : "";
+
+  if (use24h) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%02d:%02d", prefix, timeinfo.tm_hour, timeinfo.tm_min);
+  } else {
+    int hour = timeinfo.tm_hour % 12;
+    if (hour == 0) hour = 12;
+    const char* ampm = timeinfo.tm_hour < 12 ? "AM" : "PM";
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%d:%02d%s", prefix, hour, timeinfo.tm_min, ampm);
+  }
+}
+
+void formatLogTime(char* buf, size_t bufSize) {
+  if (!isSynced()) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    return;
+  }
+
+  time_t t = time(nullptr);
+  struct tm timeinfo;
+  localtime_r(&t, &timeinfo);
+  snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%02d:%02d:%02d", timeinfo.tm_hour, timeinfo.tm_min, timeinfo.tm_sec);
+}
+
+void wifiOff(bool skipNtpSync) {
+  if (!skipNtpSync && isApproximate() && WiFi.getMode() == WIFI_STA && WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
+    syncNtp();
+  }
+  if (esp_sntp_enabled()) {
+    esp_sntp_stop();
+  }
+  WiFi.disconnect(false);
+  delay(100);
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
+  delay(100);
+}
+
+}  // namespace HalClock

lib/hal/HalClock.h

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <ctime>
+
+/// Lightweight wall-clock facade.
+///
+/// The ESP32-C3 has no battery-backed RTC, so wall-clock time is lost on every
+/// deep-sleep / power cycle.  HalClock bridges this gap using three layers:
+///
+///  - **LP timer** (`esp_clk_rtc_time()`) — keeps running during deep sleep
+///    when `keepClockAlive` is enabled (GPIO13 stays HIGH).  Used to compute
+///    elapsed time and correct the stored epoch on wake.
+///  - **RTC memory** (`RTC_NOINIT_ATTR`) — survives deep sleep, lost on cold
+///    boot.  Stores the epoch + LP timer value captured before sleep.
+///  - **NVS** (flash key-value store) — survives power cycles.  Fallback when
+///    RTC memory is unavailable (cold boot).
+///
+/// Usage:
+///  1. On boot, call `restore()` to seed the system clock from the best
+///     available source (RTC memory + LP correction > NVS).
+///  2. After a successful NTP sync, call `syncNtp()`.
+///  3. Before entering deep sleep, call `saveBeforeSleep()`.
+///
+/// `now()` returns the best-effort epoch (0 if never synced).
+namespace HalClock {
+
+/// Perform an NTP sync (requires WiFi to be connected).  Starts SNTP,
+/// waits up to 5 seconds for completion, then captures the result.
+/// Returns true if the sync succeeded.
+bool syncNtp();
+
+/// Apply timezone/DST rules via the POSIX TZ string for the given setting.
+void applyTimezone(uint8_t timeZoneSetting);
+
+/// Call just before deep sleep.  Snapshots the current system time to RTC
+/// memory and NVS so it can be restored on wake / cold boot.  Pass true when
+/// the LP timer is kept alive during sleep.
+void saveBeforeSleep(bool keepLpAlive);
+
+/// Call on boot to seed the system clock from the best available stored
+/// value.  When RTC memory is valid (deep-sleep wake) and the LP timer was
+/// running, the restored time includes elapsed-time correction.  Falls back
+/// to NVS for cold boot (stale, but better than nothing).
+void restore();
+
+/// Returns the current best-effort wall-clock epoch, or 0 if the clock was
+/// never set.
+time_t now();
+
+/// True if the clock has been set at least once (NTP or restore).
+bool isSynced();
+
+/// Periodic callback (called from main loop) to compensate temperature-induced
+/// RTC drift while the device is awake.  Runs at a 10-minute interval.
+/// Computes the drift delta since the last baseline using the temperature
+/// model and nudges the system clock by only that delta (the kernel clock
+/// already advanced the raw amount).  Drift state is persisted to NVS only
+/// in saveBeforeSleep() to minimise flash wear.
+void updatePeriodic();
+
+/// True if the last restore was from a backup (not NTP) — i.e. the clock
+/// may have drifted.  Cleared on NTP sync.
+bool isApproximate();
+
+/// Returns the epoch of the last successful NTP sync (from NVS), or 0 if
+/// no sync has ever been recorded.
+time_t lastSyncTime();
+
+/// Format the current time for display.  Returns "--:--" if the clock was
+/// never synced, prefixes with "~" if approximate.
+/// When use24h is false, formats as "2:05pm" / "12:30am".
+/// Output is written to `buf` (must be at least 16 bytes).
+void formatTime(char* buf, size_t bufSize, bool use24h);
+
+/// Format the current time for log timestamps.  Returns "HH:MM:SS" if
+/// synced, or an empty string if not.
+void formatLogTime(char* buf, size_t bufSize);
+
+/// Tear down WiFi cleanly.  When skipNtpSync is false (default) and the
+/// clock is approximate, performs an opportunistic NTP sync before
+/// disconnecting — essentially free since we already have a connection.
+void wifiOff(bool skipNtpSync = false);
+
+}  // namespace HalClock

lib/hal/HalPowerManager.cpp

@@ -52,26 +52,30 @@ void HalPowerManager::setPowerSaving(bool enabled) {
   // Otherwise, no change needed
 }
 
-void HalPowerManager::startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio) const {
+void HalPowerManager::startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio, bool keepClockAlive) const {
   // Ensure that the power button has been released to avoid immediately turning back on if you're holding it
   while (gpio.isPressed(HalGPIO::BTN_POWER)) {
     delay(50);
     gpio.update();
   }
-  // Pre-sleep routines from the original firmware
+  // GPIO13 is connected to the battery latch MOSFET.
-  // GPIO13 is connected to battery latch MOSFET, we need to make sure it's low during sleep
+  // When keepClockAlive is false (default): GPIO13 goes LOW, the MCU is
-  // Note that this means the MCU will be completely powered off during sleep, including RTC
+  // completely powered off during sleep (including the LP timer / RTC memory).
+  // When keepClockAlive is true: GPIO13 stays HIGH, the MCU remains powered
+  // at ~3-4 mA so the LP timer keeps running and RTC memory is preserved.
+  // This allows HalClock to accurately compute elapsed sleep time on wake.
   constexpr gpio_num_t GPIO_SPIWP = GPIO_NUM_13;
   gpio_set_direction(GPIO_SPIWP, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
-  gpio_set_level(GPIO_SPIWP, 0);
+  gpio_set_level(GPIO_SPIWP, keepClockAlive ? 1 : 0);
   esp_sleep_config_gpio_isolate();
   gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en();
   gpio_hold_en(GPIO_SPIWP);
   pinMode(InputManager::POWER_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
   // Arm the wakeup trigger *after* the button is released
-  // Note: this is only useful for waking up on USB power. On battery, the MCU will be completely powered off, so the
+  // Note: when keepClockAlive is false, this is only useful for waking up on USB power. On battery, the MCU will be
-  // power button is hard-wired to briefly provide power to the MCU, waking it up regardless of the wakeup source
+  // completely powered off, so the power button is hard-wired to briefly provide power to the MCU, waking it up
-  // configuration
+  // regardless of the wakeup source configuration.
+  // When keepClockAlive is true, this is the actual wakeup mechanism since the MCU stays powered.
   esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup(1ULL << InputManager::POWER_BUTTON_PIN, ESP_GPIO_WAKEUP_GPIO_LOW);
   // Enter Deep Sleep
   esp_deep_sleep_start();

lib/hal/HalPowerManager.h

@@ -29,9 +29,11 @@ class HalPowerManager {
   // Control CPU frequency for power saving
   void setPowerSaving(bool enabled);
 
-  // Setup wake up GPIO and enter deep sleep
+  // Setup wake up GPIO and enter deep sleep.
-  // Should be called inside main loop() to handle the currentLockMode
+  // When keepClockAlive is true, GPIO13 stays HIGH so the LP timer keeps
-  void startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio) const;
+  // running during sleep (~3-4 mA extra).  This allows HalClock to compute
+  // elapsed sleep time and restore the wall clock accurately on wake.
+  void startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio, bool keepClockAlive = false) const;
 
   // Get battery percentage (range 0-100)
   uint16_t getBatteryPercentage() const;

src/CrossPointSettings.h

@@ -138,6 +138,27 @@ class CrossPointSettings {
   // Image rendering in EPUB reader
   enum IMAGE_RENDERING { IMAGES_DISPLAY = 0, IMAGES_PLACEHOLDER = 1, IMAGES_SUPPRESS = 2, IMAGE_RENDERING_COUNT };
 
+  // Timezone options (POSIX TZ rules for DST support)
+  enum TIMEZONE {
+    TZ_UTC = 0,
+    TZ_CET = 1,
+    TZ_EET = 2,
+    TZ_MSK = 3,
+    TZ_UTC_PLUS4 = 4,
+    TZ_IST = 5,
+    TZ_UTC_PLUS7 = 6,
+    TZ_UTC_PLUS8 = 7,
+    TZ_UTC_PLUS9 = 8,
+    TZ_AEST = 9,
+    TZ_NZST = 10,
+    TZ_UTC_MINUS3 = 11,
+    TZ_EST = 12,
+    TZ_CST = 13,
+    TZ_MST = 14,
+    TZ_PST = 15,
+    TIMEZONE_COUNT
+  };
+
   // Sleep screen settings
   uint8_t sleepScreen = DARK;
   // Sleep screen cover mode settings
@@ -204,6 +225,15 @@ class CrossPointSettings {
   uint8_t imageRendering = IMAGES_DISPLAY;
   // Enable synthetic TOC fallback for malformed/sparse TOC books (1 = enabled, 0 = disabled)
   uint8_t syntheticTocFallback = 1;
+  // Show clock in the reader status bar
+  uint8_t statusBarClock = 0;
+  // Clock format: 0 = 24h (14:00), 1 = 12h (2:00pm)
+  uint8_t clockFormat12h = 0;
+  // Timezone selection (applies POSIX TZ rules for DST)
+  uint8_t timeZone = TZ_UTC;
+  // Use clock and keep the LP timer running during deep sleep (GPIO13 HIGH)
+  // so time can be accurately restored on wake. Increases sleep current by ~3-4 mA.
+  uint8_t useClock = 0;
 
   ~CrossPointSettings() = default;
 

src/SettingsList.h

@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ inline const std::vector<SettingInfo>& getSettingsList() {
                         "sleepTimeout", StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM),
       SettingInfo::Toggle(StrId::STR_SHOW_HIDDEN_FILES, &CrossPointSettings::showHiddenFiles, "showHiddenFiles",
                           StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM),
+      SettingInfo::Enum(StrId::STR_CLOCK_FORMAT, &CrossPointSettings::clockFormat12h, {StrId::STR_24H, StrId::STR_12H},
+                        "clockFormat12h", StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM),
+      SettingInfo::Enum(StrId::STR_TIMEZONE, &CrossPointSettings::timeZone,
+                        {StrId::STR_TZ_UTC, StrId::STR_TZ_CET, StrId::STR_TZ_EET, StrId::STR_TZ_MSK,
+                         StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS4, StrId::STR_TZ_IST, StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS7, StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS8,
+                         StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS9, StrId::STR_TZ_AEST, StrId::STR_TZ_NZST, StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_MINUS3,
+                         StrId::STR_TZ_EST, StrId::STR_TZ_CST, StrId::STR_TZ_MST, StrId::STR_TZ_PST},
+                        "timeZone", StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM),
+      SettingInfo::Toggle(StrId::STR_USE_CLOCK, &CrossPointSettings::useClock, "useClock", StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM),
 
       // --- KOReader Sync (web-only, uses KOReaderCredentialStore) ---
       SettingInfo::DynamicString(
@@ -140,6 +149,8 @@ inline const std::vector<SettingInfo>& getSettingsList() {
                         StrId::STR_CUSTOMISE_STATUS_BAR),
       SettingInfo::Toggle(StrId::STR_BATTERY, &CrossPointSettings::statusBarBattery, "statusBarBattery",
                           StrId::STR_CUSTOMISE_STATUS_BAR),
+      SettingInfo::Toggle(StrId::STR_CLOCK, &CrossPointSettings::statusBarClock, "statusBarClock",
+                          StrId::STR_CUSTOMISE_STATUS_BAR),
   };
   return list;
 }

src/activities/ActivityManager.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "ActivityManager.h"
 
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <HalPowerManager.h>
 
 #include "boot_sleep/BootActivity.h"
@@ -56,6 +58,18 @@ void ActivityManager::loop() {
     currentActivity->loop();
   }
 
+  if (SETTINGS.useClock && HalClock::isSynced()) {
+    time_t now = HalClock::now();
+    if (now > 0) {
+      static time_t lastMinute = -1;
+      time_t minute = now / 60;
+      if (minute != lastMinute) {
+        lastMinute = minute;
+        requestUpdate();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   while (pendingAction != PendingAction::None) {
     if (pendingAction == PendingAction::Pop) {
       RenderLock lock;

src/activities/browser/OpdsBookBrowserActivity.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <Epub.h>
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <I18n.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 #include <OpdsStream.h>
@@ -39,8 +40,7 @@ void OpdsBookBrowserActivity::onEnter() {
 void OpdsBookBrowserActivity::onExit() {
   Activity::onExit();
 
-  // Turn off WiFi when exiting
+  HalClock::wifiOff();
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
 
   entries.clear();
   navigationHistory.clear();

src/activities/network/CrossPointWebServerActivity.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <DNSServer.h>
 #include <ESPmDNS.h>
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <I18n.h>
 #include <WiFi.h>
 #include <esp_task_wdt.h>
@@ -86,15 +87,12 @@ void CrossPointWebServerActivity::onExit() {
   if (isApMode) {
     LOG_DBG("WEBACT", "Stopping WiFi AP...");
     WiFi.softAPdisconnect(true);
+    delay(30);
+    WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
+    delay(30);
   } else {
-    LOG_DBG("WEBACT", "Disconnecting WiFi (graceful)...");
+    HalClock::wifiOff();
-    WiFi.disconnect(false);  // false = don't erase credentials, send disconnect frame
   }
-  delay(30);  // Allow disconnect frame to be sent
-
-  LOG_DBG("WEBACT", "Setting WiFi mode OFF...");
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
-  delay(30);  // Allow WiFi hardware to power down
 
   LOG_DBG("WEBACT", "Free heap at onExit end: %d bytes", ESP.getFreeHeap());
 }

src/activities/reader/KOReaderSyncActivity.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #include "KOReaderSyncActivity.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <I18n.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 #include <WiFi.h>
-#include <esp_sntp.h>
 
 #include "KOReaderCredentialStore.h"
 #include "KOReaderDocumentId.h"
@@ -13,43 +13,6 @@
 #include "components/UITheme.h"
 #include "fontIds.h"
 
-namespace {
-void syncTimeWithNTP() {
-  // Stop SNTP if already running (can't reconfigure while running)
-  if (esp_sntp_enabled()) {
-    esp_sntp_stop();
-  }
-
-  // Configure SNTP
-  esp_sntp_setoperatingmode(ESP_SNTP_OPMODE_POLL);
-  esp_sntp_setservername(0, "pool.ntp.org");
-  esp_sntp_init();
-
-  // Wait for time to sync (with timeout)
-  int retry = 0;
-  const int maxRetries = 50;  // 5 seconds max
-  while (sntp_get_sync_status() != SNTP_SYNC_STATUS_COMPLETED && retry < maxRetries) {
-    vTaskDelay(100 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
-    retry++;
-  }
-
-  if (retry < maxRetries) {
-    LOG_DBG("KOSync", "NTP time synced");
-  } else {
-    LOG_DBG("KOSync", "NTP sync timeout, using fallback");
-  }
-}
-void wifiOff() {
-  if (esp_sntp_enabled()) {
-    esp_sntp_stop();
-  }
-  WiFi.disconnect(false);
-  delay(100);
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
-  delay(100);
-}
-}  // namespace
-
 void KOReaderSyncActivity::onWifiSelectionComplete(const bool success) {
   if (!success) {
     LOG_DBG("KOSync", "WiFi connection failed, exiting");
@@ -70,7 +33,7 @@ void KOReaderSyncActivity::onWifiSelectionComplete(const bool success) {
   requestUpdate(true);
 
   // Sync time with NTP before making API requests
-  syncTimeWithNTP();
+  HalClock::syncNtp();
 
   {
     RenderLock lock(*this);
@@ -187,7 +150,7 @@ void KOReaderSyncActivity::performUpload() {
   const auto result = KOReaderSyncClient::updateProgress(progress);
 
   if (result != KOReaderSyncClient::OK) {
-    wifiOff();
+    HalClock::wifiOff(true);
     {
       RenderLock lock(*this);
       state = SYNC_FAILED;
@@ -197,7 +160,7 @@ void KOReaderSyncActivity::performUpload() {
     return;
   }
 
-  wifiOff();
+  HalClock::wifiOff(true);
   {
     RenderLock lock(*this);
     state = UPLOAD_COMPLETE;
@@ -232,7 +195,7 @@ void KOReaderSyncActivity::onEnter() {
 void KOReaderSyncActivity::onExit() {
   Activity::onExit();
 
-  wifiOff();
+  HalClock::wifiOff(true);
 }
 
 void KOReaderSyncActivity::closeCancelled() {

src/activities/settings/ClockSettingsActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#include "ClockSettingsActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
+#include <I18n.h>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "DetectTimezoneActivity.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "SyncTimeActivity.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+
+namespace {
+constexpr int MENU_ITEMS = 5;
+const StrId menuNames[MENU_ITEMS] = {StrId::STR_USE_CLOCK, StrId::STR_CLOCK_FORMAT, StrId::STR_TIMEZONE,
+                                     StrId::STR_SYNC_TIME, StrId::STR_DETECT_TIMEZONE};
+
+const StrId timeZoneNames[CrossPointSettings::TIMEZONE_COUNT] = {
+    StrId::STR_TZ_UTC,       StrId::STR_TZ_CET,  StrId::STR_TZ_EET,       StrId::STR_TZ_MSK,
+    StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS4, StrId::STR_TZ_IST,  StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS7, StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS8,
+    StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_PLUS9, StrId::STR_TZ_AEST, StrId::STR_TZ_NZST,      StrId::STR_TZ_UTC_MINUS3,
+    StrId::STR_TZ_EST,       StrId::STR_TZ_CST,  StrId::STR_TZ_MST,       StrId::STR_TZ_PST};
+}  // namespace
+
+void ClockSettingsActivity::onEnter() {
+  Activity::onEnter();
+  selectedIndex = 0;
+  requestUpdate();
+}
+
+void ClockSettingsActivity::onExit() { Activity::onExit(); }
+
+void ClockSettingsActivity::loop() {
+  if (mappedInput.wasPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    finish();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    handleSelection();
+    requestUpdate();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextRelease([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    requestUpdate();
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousRelease([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    requestUpdate();
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextContinuous([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    requestUpdate();
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousContinuous([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    requestUpdate();
+  });
+}
+
+void ClockSettingsActivity::handleSelection() {
+  if (selectedIndex == 0) {
+    SETTINGS.useClock = (SETTINGS.useClock + 1) % 2;
+    if (!SETTINGS.useClock) {
+      SETTINGS.statusBarClock = 0;
+    }
+    SETTINGS.saveToFile();
+  } else if (selectedIndex == 1) {
+    SETTINGS.clockFormat12h = (SETTINGS.clockFormat12h + 1) % 2;
+    SETTINGS.saveToFile();
+  } else if (selectedIndex == 2) {
+    SETTINGS.timeZone = (SETTINGS.timeZone + 1) % CrossPointSettings::TIMEZONE_COUNT;
+    HalClock::applyTimezone(SETTINGS.timeZone);
+    SETTINGS.saveToFile();
+  } else if (selectedIndex == 3) {
+    auto resultHandler = [](const ActivityResult&) { SETTINGS.saveToFile(); };
+    startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<SyncTimeActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
+  } else if (selectedIndex == 4) {
+    auto resultHandler = [](const ActivityResult&) { SETTINGS.saveToFile(); };
+    startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<DetectTimezoneActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
+  }
+}
+
+void ClockSettingsActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  const auto& metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const auto pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const auto pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+
+  GUI.drawHeader(renderer, Rect{0, metrics.topPadding, pageWidth, metrics.headerHeight}, tr(STR_CLOCK_SETTINGS));
+  GUI.drawSubHeader(renderer, Rect{0, metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight, pageWidth, metrics.tabBarHeight},
+                    tr(STR_CLOCK_SETTINGS_WARNING));
+
+  const int contentTop = metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight + metrics.tabBarHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing;
+  const int contentHeight = pageHeight - contentTop - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing * 2;
+
+  GUI.drawList(
+      renderer, Rect{0, contentTop, pageWidth, contentHeight}, MENU_ITEMS, selectedIndex,
+      [](int index) { return std::string(I18N.get(menuNames[index])); }, nullptr, nullptr,
+      [](int index) {
+        if (index == 0) {
+          return std::string(SETTINGS.useClock ? tr(STR_STATE_ON) : tr(STR_STATE_OFF));
+        }
+        if (index == 1) {
+          return std::string(SETTINGS.clockFormat12h ? tr(STR_12H) : tr(STR_24H));
+        }
+        if (index == 2) {
+          const auto tzIndex = static_cast<size_t>(SETTINGS.timeZone);
+          if (tzIndex < (sizeof(timeZoneNames) / sizeof(timeZoneNames[0]))) {
+            return std::string(I18N.get(timeZoneNames[tzIndex]));
+          }
+          return std::string(tr(STR_TZ_UTC));
+        }
+        return std::string("");
+      },
+      true);
+
+  const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels(tr(STR_BACK), tr(STR_SELECT), tr(STR_DIR_UP), tr(STR_DIR_DOWN));
+  GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+
+  renderer.displayBuffer();
+}

src/activities/settings/ClockSettingsActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <I18n.h>
+
+#include "activities/Activity.h"
+#include "util/ButtonNavigator.h"
+
+class ClockSettingsActivity final : public Activity {
+  ButtonNavigator buttonNavigator;
+  int selectedIndex = 0;
+
+  void handleSelection();
+
+ public:
+  explicit ClockSettingsActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput)
+      : Activity("ClockSettings", renderer, mappedInput) {}
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void render(RenderLock&&) override;
+};

src/activities/settings/DetectTimezoneActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+#include "DetectTimezoneActivity.h"
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
+#include <I18n.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "activities/network/WifiSelectionActivity.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+#include "network/HttpDownloader.h"
+
+namespace {
+bool mapIanaTimezone(const std::string& tz, uint8_t& outSetting) {
+  using TZ = CrossPointSettings::TIMEZONE;
+  if (tz == "UTC" || tz == "Etc/UTC") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Europe/London" || tz == "Europe/Guernsey" || tz == "Europe/Isle_of_Man" || tz == "Europe/Jersey") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Europe/Athens" || tz == "Europe/Bucharest" || tz == "Europe/Helsinki" || tz == "Europe/Kiev" ||
+      tz == "Europe/Vilnius" || tz == "Europe/Riga" || tz == "Europe/Tallinn") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_EET;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Europe/Moscow") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_MSK;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz.rfind("Europe/", 0) == 0) {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_CET;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "America/New_York" || tz == "America/Toronto") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_EST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "America/Chicago") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_CST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "America/Denver") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_MST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "America/Los_Angeles" || tz == "America/Vancouver") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_PST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "America/Sao_Paulo" || tz == "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires" || tz == "America/Montevideo") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC_MINUS3;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Asia/Dubai" || tz == "Asia/Muscat") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC_PLUS4;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Asia/Kolkata") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_IST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Asia/Bangkok" || tz == "Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh" || tz == "Asia/Jakarta" || tz == "Asia/Phnom_Penh" ||
+      tz == "Asia/Vientiane") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC_PLUS7;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Asia/Shanghai" || tz == "Asia/Hong_Kong" || tz == "Asia/Singapore" || tz == "Asia/Taipei" ||
+      tz == "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur" || tz == "Asia/Manila") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC_PLUS8;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Asia/Tokyo" || tz == "Asia/Seoul") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_UTC_PLUS9;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Australia/Sydney" || tz == "Australia/Melbourne" || tz == "Australia/Hobart") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_AEST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (tz == "Pacific/Auckland") {
+    outSetting = TZ::TZ_NZST;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool fetchTimezonePayload(const char* url, std::string& payload) {
+  // Give DNS a moment after WiFi connect.
+  delay(500);
+  for (int attempt = 0; attempt < 2; ++attempt) {
+    if (HttpDownloader::fetchUrl(url, payload)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    delay(300);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool fetchPublicIp(std::string& ip) {
+  std::string payload;
+  if (!fetchTimezonePayload("https://api.ipify.org", payload)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Payload is plain text: IP address
+  ip = payload;
+  // Trim any whitespace
+  while (!ip.empty() && (ip.back() == '\n' || ip.back() == '\r' || ip.back() == ' ' || ip.back() == '\t')) {
+    ip.pop_back();
+  }
+  if (!ip.empty()) {
+    LOG_DBG("CLK", "Public IP: %s", ip.c_str());
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool detectTimezoneSetting(uint8_t& outSetting, std::string& outIana, bool& outDstKnown, bool& outDstActive) {
+  std::string payload;
+  std::string publicIp;
+  if (fetchPublicIp(publicIp)) {
+    std::string timeUrl = std::string("https://timeapi.io/api/Time/current/ip?ipAddress=") + publicIp;
+    LOG_DBG("CLK", "Timezone detect via TimeAPI: %s", timeUrl.c_str());
+    if (fetchTimezonePayload(timeUrl.c_str(), payload)) {
+      // Continue to parse TimeAPI payload below.
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (payload.empty() && !fetchTimezonePayload("https://ip-api.com/json/?fields=timezone,dst", payload)) {
+    LOG_ERR("CLK", "Timezone detect failed: fetch error");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  JsonDocument doc;
+  const auto err = deserializeJson(doc, payload);
+  if (err) {
+    LOG_ERR("CLK", "Timezone detect failed: %s", err.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const char* tz = doc["timezone"] | "";
+  if (!tz || tz[0] == '\0') {
+    tz = doc["timeZone"] | "";
+  }
+  if (!tz || tz[0] == '\0') {
+    tz = doc["time_zone"] | "";
+  }
+  if (!tz || tz[0] == '\0') {
+    LOG_ERR("CLK", "Timezone detect failed: missing timezone (payload: %s)", payload.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  outIana = tz;
+  if (!doc["dst_active"].isNull()) {
+    outDstKnown = true;
+    outDstActive = doc["dst_active"].as<bool>();
+  } else if (!doc["dstActive"].isNull()) {
+    outDstKnown = true;
+    outDstActive = doc["dstActive"].as<bool>();
+  } else if (!doc["dst"].isNull()) {
+    outDstKnown = true;
+    outDstActive = doc["dst"].as<bool>();
+  } else {
+    outDstKnown = false;
+    outDstActive = false;
+  }
+
+  if (!mapIanaTimezone(tz, outSetting)) {
+    LOG_ERR("CLK", "Timezone detect unsupported: %s", tz);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (outDstKnown) {
+    LOG_DBG("CLK", "Timezone detected: %s (dst=%d)", tz, outDstActive ? 1 : 0);
+  } else {
+    LOG_DBG("CLK", "Timezone detected: %s (dst=unknown)", tz);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::onEnter() {
+  Activity::onEnter();
+
+  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
+    onWifiSelectionComplete(true);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<WifiSelectionActivity>(renderer, mappedInput),
+                         [this](const ActivityResult& result) {
+                           if (result.isCancelled) {
+                             onWifiSelectionCancelled();
+                             return;
+                           }
+                           onWifiSelectionComplete(true);
+                         });
+}
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::onExit() {
+  Activity::onExit();
+  HalClock::wifiOff();
+}
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::onWifiSelectionComplete(bool success) {
+  if (!success) {
+    state = FAILED;
+    requestUpdate();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  {
+    RenderLock lock(*this);
+    state = DETECTING;
+  }
+  requestUpdateAndWait();
+
+  performDetect();
+}
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::onWifiSelectionCancelled() { finish(); }
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::performDetect() {
+  uint8_t detected = SETTINGS.timeZone;
+  detectedTimezone.clear();
+  dstKnown = false;
+  dstActive = false;
+  if (detectTimezoneSetting(detected, detectedTimezone, dstKnown, dstActive)) {
+    SETTINGS.timeZone = detected;
+    HalClock::applyTimezone(SETTINGS.timeZone);
+    SETTINGS.saveToFile();
+    state = SUCCESS;
+  } else {
+    state = FAILED;
+  }
+
+  HalClock::wifiOff();
+  requestUpdate();
+}
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {
+  const auto& metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const auto pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const auto pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+  GUI.drawHeader(renderer, Rect{0, metrics.topPadding, pageWidth, metrics.headerHeight}, tr(STR_DETECT_TIMEZONE));
+
+  if (state == CONNECTING) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2, tr(STR_CONNECTING), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state == DETECTING) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2, tr(STR_DETECTING_TIMEZONE), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state == SUCCESS) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2 - 20, tr(STR_TIMEZONE_DETECTED), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    if (!detectedTimezone.empty()) {
+      renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2 + 5, detectedTimezone.c_str());
+      renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2 + 25, dstStatusLabel());
+    }
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels(tr(STR_BACK), "", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state == FAILED) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2, tr(STR_TIMEZONE_DETECT_FAILED), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels(tr(STR_BACK), "", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+const char* DetectTimezoneActivity::dstStatusLabel() const {
+  if (!dstKnown) {
+    return tr(STR_DST_UNKNOWN);
+  }
+  return dstActive ? tr(STR_DST_ACTIVE) : tr(STR_DST_INACTIVE);
+}
+
+void DetectTimezoneActivity::loop() {
+  if (state == SUCCESS || state == FAILED) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      finish();
+    }
+  }
+}

src/activities/settings/DetectTimezoneActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "activities/Activity.h"
+
+class DetectTimezoneActivity final : public Activity {
+ public:
+  explicit DetectTimezoneActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput)
+      : Activity("DetectTimezone", renderer, mappedInput) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void render(RenderLock&&) override;
+
+ private:
+  enum State { CONNECTING, DETECTING, SUCCESS, FAILED };
+  State state = CONNECTING;
+  std::string detectedTimezone;
+  bool dstKnown = false;
+  bool dstActive = false;
+
+  void onWifiSelectionComplete(bool success);
+  void onWifiSelectionCancelled();
+  void performDetect();
+  const char* dstStatusLabel() const;
+};

src/activities/settings/KOReaderAuthActivity.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "KOReaderAuthActivity.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <I18n.h>
 #include <WiFi.h>
 
@@ -93,11 +94,7 @@ void KOReaderAuthActivity::onEnter() {
 void KOReaderAuthActivity::onExit() {
   Activity::onExit();
 
-  // Turn off wifi
+  HalClock::wifiOff();
-  WiFi.disconnect(false);
-  delay(100);
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
-  delay(100);
 }
 
 void KOReaderAuthActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {

src/activities/settings/OtaUpdateActivity.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "OtaUpdateActivity.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <I18n.h>
 #include <WiFi.h>
 
@@ -66,11 +67,7 @@ void OtaUpdateActivity::onEnter() {
 void OtaUpdateActivity::onExit() {
   Activity::onExit();
 
-  // Turn off wifi
+  HalClock::wifiOff();
-  WiFi.disconnect(false);  // false = don't erase credentials, send disconnect frame
-  delay(100);              // Allow disconnect frame to be sent
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
-  delay(100);  // Allow WiFi hardware to fully power down
 }
 
 void OtaUpdateActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {

src/activities/settings/SettingsActivity.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 #include "SettingsActivity.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 
 #include "ButtonRemapActivity.h"
 #include "CalibreSettingsActivity.h"
 #include "ClearCacheActivity.h"
+#include "ClockSettingsActivity.h"
 #include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "DetectTimezoneActivity.h"
 #include "KOReaderSettingsActivity.h"
 #include "LanguageSelectActivity.h"
 #include "MappedInputManager.h"
 #include "OtaUpdateActivity.h"
 #include "SettingsList.h"
 #include "StatusBarSettingsActivity.h"
+#include "SyncTimeActivity.h"
 #include "SystemInformationActivity.h"
 #include "activities/network/WifiSelectionActivity.h"
 #include "components/UITheme.h"
@@ -32,6 +36,11 @@ void SettingsActivity::onEnter() {
 
   for (const auto& setting : getSettingsList()) {
     if (setting.category == StrId::STR_NONE_OPT) continue;
+    if (setting.category == StrId::STR_CAT_SYSTEM &&
+        (setting.nameId == StrId::STR_USE_CLOCK || setting.nameId == StrId::STR_CLOCK_FORMAT ||
+         setting.nameId == StrId::STR_TIMEZONE)) {
+      continue;
+    }
     if (setting.category == StrId::STR_CAT_DISPLAY) {
       displaySettings.push_back(setting);
     } else if (setting.category == StrId::STR_CAT_READER) {
@@ -47,6 +56,7 @@ void SettingsActivity::onEnter() {
   // Append device-only ACTION items
   controlsSettings.insert(controlsSettings.begin(),
                           SettingInfo::Action(StrId::STR_REMAP_FRONT_BUTTONS, SettingAction::RemapFrontButtons));
+  systemSettings.push_back(SettingInfo::Action(StrId::STR_CLOCK_SETTINGS, SettingAction::ClockSettings));
   systemSettings.push_back(SettingInfo::Action(StrId::STR_WIFI_NETWORKS, SettingAction::Network));
   systemSettings.push_back(SettingInfo::Action(StrId::STR_KOREADER_SYNC, SettingAction::KOReaderSync));
   systemSettings.push_back(SettingInfo::Action(StrId::STR_OPDS_BROWSER, SettingAction::OPDSBrowser));
@@ -176,6 +186,9 @@ void SettingsActivity::toggleCurrentSetting() {
       case SettingAction::CustomiseStatusBar:
         startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<StatusBarSettingsActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
         break;
+      case SettingAction::ClockSettings:
+        startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<ClockSettingsActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
+        break;
       case SettingAction::KOReaderSync:
         startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<KOReaderSettingsActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
         break;
@@ -197,6 +210,12 @@ void SettingsActivity::toggleCurrentSetting() {
       case SettingAction::SystemInfo:
         startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<SystemInformationActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
         break;
+      case SettingAction::SyncTime:
+        startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<SyncTimeActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
+        break;
+      case SettingAction::DetectTimezone:
+        startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<DetectTimezoneActivity>(renderer, mappedInput), resultHandler);
+        break;
       case SettingAction::None:
         // Do nothing
         break;

src/activities/settings/SettingsActivity.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ enum class SettingAction {
   None,
   RemapFrontButtons,
   CustomiseStatusBar,
+  ClockSettings,
   KOReaderSync,
   OPDSBrowser,
   Network,
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ enum class SettingAction {
   CheckForUpdates,
   Language,
   SystemInfo,
+  DetectTimezone,
+  SyncTime,
 };
 
 struct SettingInfo {

src/activities/settings/StatusBarSettingsActivity.cpp

@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@
 #include "fontIds.h"
 
 namespace {
-constexpr int MENU_ITEMS = 6;
+constexpr int MENU_ITEMS = 7;
 const StrId menuNames[MENU_ITEMS] = {StrId::STR_CHAPTER_PAGE_COUNT,
                                      StrId::STR_BOOK_PROGRESS_PERCENTAGE,
                                      StrId::STR_PROGRESS_BAR,
                                      StrId::STR_PROGRESS_BAR_THICKNESS,
                                      StrId::STR_TITLE,
-                                     StrId::STR_BATTERY};
+                                     StrId::STR_BATTERY,
+                                     StrId::STR_CLOCK};
 constexpr int PROGRESS_BAR_ITEMS = 3;
 const StrId progressBarNames[PROGRESS_BAR_ITEMS] = {StrId::STR_BOOK, StrId::STR_CHAPTER, StrId::STR_HIDE};
 
@@ -36,7 +37,10 @@ const int verticalPreviewTextPadding = 40;
 void StatusBarSettingsActivity::onEnter() {
   Activity::onEnter();
 
-  selectedIndex = 0;
+  const int menuCount = SETTINGS.useClock ? MENU_ITEMS : MENU_ITEMS - 1;
+  if (selectedIndex >= menuCount) {
+    selectedIndex = 0;
+  }
 
   // Clamp statusBarProgressBar and statusBarTitle in case of corrupt/migrated data
   if (SETTINGS.statusBarProgressBar >= PROGRESS_BAR_ITEMS) {
@@ -70,22 +74,26 @@ void StatusBarSettingsActivity::loop() {
 
   // Handle navigation
   buttonNavigator.onNextRelease([this] {
-    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    const int menuCount = SETTINGS.useClock ? MENU_ITEMS : MENU_ITEMS - 1;
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, menuCount);
     requestUpdate();
   });
 
   buttonNavigator.onPreviousRelease([this] {
-    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    const int menuCount = SETTINGS.useClock ? MENU_ITEMS : MENU_ITEMS - 1;
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, menuCount);
     requestUpdate();
   });
 
   buttonNavigator.onNextContinuous([this] {
-    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    const int menuCount = SETTINGS.useClock ? MENU_ITEMS : MENU_ITEMS - 1;
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, menuCount);
     requestUpdate();
   });
 
   buttonNavigator.onPreviousContinuous([this] {
-    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, MENU_ITEMS);
+    const int menuCount = SETTINGS.useClock ? MENU_ITEMS : MENU_ITEMS - 1;
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, menuCount);
     requestUpdate();
   });
 }
@@ -110,6 +118,9 @@ void StatusBarSettingsActivity::handleSelection() {
   } else if (selectedIndex == 5) {
     // Show Battery
     SETTINGS.statusBarBattery = (SETTINGS.statusBarBattery + 1) % 2;
+  } else if (selectedIndex == 6 && SETTINGS.useClock) {
+    // Show Clock
+    SETTINGS.statusBarClock = (SETTINGS.statusBarClock + 1) % 2;
   }
   SETTINGS.saveToFile();
 }
@@ -124,9 +135,9 @@ void StatusBarSettingsActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {
                  tr(STR_CUSTOMISE_STATUS_BAR));
 
   const int contentTop = metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing;
-  const int contentHeight = contentRect.height - contentTop - metrics.verticalSpacing * 2;
+  const int contentHeight = pageHeight - contentTop - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing * 2;
   GUI.drawList(
-      renderer, Rect{contentRect.x, contentTop, contentRect.width, contentHeight}, static_cast<int>(MENU_ITEMS),
+      renderer, Rect{0, contentTop, pageWidth, contentHeight}, static_cast<int>(MENU_ITEMS),
       static_cast<int>(selectedIndex), [](int index) { return std::string(I18N.get(menuNames[index])); }, nullptr,
       nullptr,
       [this](int index) {
@@ -143,6 +154,8 @@ void StatusBarSettingsActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {
           return I18N.get(titleNames[SETTINGS.statusBarTitle]);
         } else if (index == 5) {
           return SETTINGS.statusBarBattery ? tr(STR_SHOW) : tr(STR_HIDE);
+        } else if (index == 6) {
+          return SETTINGS.statusBarClock ? tr(STR_SHOW) : tr(STR_HIDE);
         } else {
           return tr(STR_HIDE);
         }

src/activities/settings/SyncTimeActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include "SyncTimeActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
+#include <I18n.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "activities/network/WifiSelectionActivity.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+
+static void formatDuration(char* buf, size_t bufSize, int32_t totalSeconds) {
+  const char* sign = totalSeconds < 0 ? "-" : "+";
+  int32_t abs = totalSeconds < 0 ? -totalSeconds : totalSeconds;
+
+  int32_t days = abs / 86400;
+  int32_t hours = (abs % 86400) / 3600;
+  int32_t mins = (abs % 3600) / 60;
+  int32_t secs = abs % 60;
+
+  if (days > 0) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%ldd %ldh %ldm", sign, (long)days, (long)hours, (long)mins);
+  } else if (hours > 0) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%ldh %ldm %lds", sign, (long)hours, (long)mins, (long)secs);
+  } else if (mins > 0) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%ldm %lds", sign, (long)mins, (long)secs);
+  } else {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s%lds", sign, (long)secs);
+  }
+}
+
+static void formatElapsed(char* buf, size_t bufSize, int32_t totalSeconds) {
+  int32_t days = totalSeconds / 86400;
+  int32_t hours = (totalSeconds % 86400) / 3600;
+  int32_t mins = (totalSeconds % 3600) / 60;
+
+  if (days > 0) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%ldd %ldh ago", (long)days, (long)hours);
+  } else if (hours > 0) {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%ldh %ldm ago", (long)hours, (long)mins);
+  } else {
+    snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%ldm ago", (long)mins);
+  }
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::onEnter() {
+  Activity::onEnter();
+
+  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
+    onWifiSelectionComplete(true);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  startActivityForResult(std::make_unique<WifiSelectionActivity>(renderer, mappedInput),
+                         [this](const ActivityResult& result) {
+                           if (result.isCancelled) {
+                             onWifiSelectionCancelled();
+                             return;
+                           }
+                           onWifiSelectionComplete(true);
+                         });
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::onExit() {
+  Activity::onExit();
+  HalClock::wifiOff(true);
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::onWifiSelectionComplete(bool success) {
+  if (!success) {
+    state = FAILED;
+    requestUpdate();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  {
+    RenderLock lock(*this);
+    state = SYNCING;
+  }
+  requestUpdateAndWait();
+
+  performSync();
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::onWifiSelectionCancelled() { finish(); }
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::performSync() {
+  hadTimeBeforeSync = HalClock::isSynced();
+  preSyncTime = hadTimeBeforeSync ? time(nullptr) : 0;
+  prevSyncTime = HalClock::lastSyncTime();
+
+  bool ok = HalClock::syncNtp();
+
+  if (ok && hadTimeBeforeSync) {
+    driftSeconds = (int32_t)(time(nullptr) - preSyncTime);
+  }
+
+  HalClock::wifiOff(true);
+
+  state = ok ? SUCCESS : FAILED;
+  requestUpdate();
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::render(RenderLock&&) {
+  const auto& metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const auto pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const auto pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+  GUI.drawHeader(renderer, Rect{0, metrics.topPadding, pageWidth, metrics.headerHeight}, tr(STR_SYNC_TIME));
+
+  if (state == SYNCING) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2, tr(STR_SYNCING_CLOCK), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state == SUCCESS) {
+    int y = pageHeight / 2 - 40;
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, y, tr(STR_TIME_SYNCED), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    time_t now = HalClock::now();
+    struct tm timeinfo;
+    localtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
+    char timePart[16];
+    HalClock::formatTime(timePart, sizeof(timePart), !SETTINGS.clockFormat12h);
+    char timeStr[32];
+    snprintf(timeStr, sizeof(timeStr), "%s  %04d-%02d-%02d", timePart, timeinfo.tm_year + 1900, timeinfo.tm_mon + 1,
+             timeinfo.tm_mday);
+    y += 30;
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, y, timeStr);
+
+    int32_t elapsedSinceSync = -1;
+    if (prevSyncTime > 0) {
+      elapsedSinceSync = (int32_t)(now - prevSyncTime);
+    }
+
+    char driftStr[80];
+    if (hadTimeBeforeSync) {
+      char driftFmt[24];
+      formatDuration(driftFmt, sizeof(driftFmt), driftSeconds);
+
+      if (elapsedSinceSync > 0) {
+        double hours = (double)elapsedSinceSync / 3600.0;
+        double rate = (double)driftSeconds / hours;
+        char rateFmt[16];
+        snprintf(rateFmt, sizeof(rateFmt), "%+.2f", rate);
+
+        char driftWithRate[48];
+        snprintf(driftWithRate, sizeof(driftWithRate), "%s (%s s/hr)", driftFmt, rateFmt);
+        snprintf(driftStr, sizeof(driftStr), tr(STR_CLOCK_DRIFT), driftWithRate);
+      } else {
+        snprintf(driftStr, sizeof(driftStr), tr(STR_CLOCK_DRIFT), driftFmt);
+      }
+    } else {
+      snprintf(driftStr, sizeof(driftStr), tr(STR_CLOCK_DRIFT), "N/A");
+    }
+    y += 30;
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, y, driftStr);
+
+    if (elapsedSinceSync > 0) {
+      char elapsedFmt[24];
+      formatElapsed(elapsedFmt, sizeof(elapsedFmt), elapsedSinceSync);
+      char lastSyncStr[48];
+      snprintf(lastSyncStr, sizeof(lastSyncStr), tr(STR_LAST_NTP_SYNC), elapsedFmt);
+      y += 25;
+      renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, y, lastSyncStr);
+    }
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels(tr(STR_BACK), "", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (state == FAILED) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, pageHeight / 2, tr(STR_TIME_SYNC_FAILED), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels(tr(STR_BACK), "", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+    renderer.displayBuffer();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void SyncTimeActivity::loop() {
+  if (state == SUCCESS || state == FAILED) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      finish();
+    }
+  }
+}

src/activities/settings/SyncTimeActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "activities/Activity.h"
+
+class SyncTimeActivity final : public Activity {
+ public:
+  explicit SyncTimeActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput)
+      : Activity("SyncTime", renderer, mappedInput) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void render(RenderLock&&) override;
+
+ private:
+  enum State { CONNECTING, SYNCING, SUCCESS, FAILED };
+  State state = CONNECTING;
+  time_t preSyncTime = 0;
+  time_t prevSyncTime = 0;
+  int32_t driftSeconds = 0;
+  bool hadTimeBeforeSync = false;
+  void onWifiSelectionComplete(bool success);
+  void onWifiSelectionCancelled();
+  void performSync();
+};

src/components/UITheme.cpp

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ int UITheme::getStatusBarHeight() {
   // Add status bar margin
   const bool showStatusBar = SETTINGS.statusBarChapterPageCount || SETTINGS.statusBarBookProgressPercentage ||
                              SETTINGS.statusBarTitle != CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_TITLE::HIDE_TITLE ||
-                             SETTINGS.statusBarBattery;
+                             SETTINGS.statusBarBattery || (SETTINGS.useClock && SETTINGS.statusBarClock);
   const bool showProgressBar =
       SETTINGS.statusBarProgressBar != CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_PROGRESS_BAR::HIDE_PROGRESS;
   return (showStatusBar ? (metrics.statusBarVerticalMargin) : 0) +

src/components/themes/BaseTheme.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "BaseTheme.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <HalPowerManager.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
@@ -306,6 +307,13 @@ void BaseTheme::drawHeader(const GfxRenderer& renderer, Rect rect, const char* t
                    Rect{batteryX, rect.y + 5, BaseMetrics::values.batteryWidth, BaseMetrics::values.batteryHeight},
                    showBatteryPercentage);
 
+  // Draw clock in header
+  if (SETTINGS.useClock) {
+    char clockStr[16];
+    HalClock::formatTime(clockStr, sizeof(clockStr), !SETTINGS.clockFormat12h);
+    renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, rect.x + BaseMetrics::values.contentSidePadding, rect.y + 5, clockStr);
+  }
+
   if (title) {
     int padding = rect.width - batteryX + BaseMetrics::values.batteryWidth;
     auto truncatedTitle = renderer.truncatedText(UI_12_FONT_ID, title,
@@ -745,6 +753,17 @@ void BaseTheme::drawStatusBar(GfxRenderer& renderer, const float bookProgress, c
                         showBatteryPercentage);
   }
 
+  // Draw Clock
+  int clockTextWidth = 0;
+  if (SETTINGS.useClock && SETTINGS.statusBarClock) {
+    char clockStr[16];
+    HalClock::formatTime(clockStr, sizeof(clockStr), !SETTINGS.clockFormat12h);
+    clockTextWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, clockStr);
+    const int batterySize = SETTINGS.statusBarBattery ? (showBatteryPercentage ? 50 : 20) : 0;
+    renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, metrics.statusBarHorizontalMargin + orientedMarginLeft + batterySize + 8, textY,
+                      clockStr);
+  }
+
   // Draw Title
   if (!title.empty()) {
     textY -= textYOffset;
@@ -754,7 +773,8 @@ void BaseTheme::drawStatusBar(GfxRenderer& renderer, const float bookProgress, c
         renderer.getScreenWidth() - (metrics.statusBarHorizontalMargin * 2) - orientedMarginLeft - orientedMarginRight;
 
     const int batterySize = SETTINGS.statusBarBattery ? (showBatteryPercentage ? 50 : 20) : 0;
-    const int titleMarginLeft = batterySize + 30;
+    const int clockSize = clockTextWidth > 0 ? clockTextWidth + 8 : 0;
+    const int titleMarginLeft = batterySize + clockSize + 30;
     const int titleMarginRight = progressTextWidth + 30;
 
     // Attempt to center title on the screen, but if title is too wide then later we will center it within the

src/components/themes/lyra/LyraTheme.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "LyraTheme.h"
 
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <HalGPIO.h>
 #include <HalPowerManager.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
@@ -150,6 +151,13 @@ void LyraTheme::drawHeader(const GfxRenderer& renderer, Rect rect, const char* t
                    Rect{batteryX, rect.y + 5, LyraMetrics::values.batteryWidth, LyraMetrics::values.batteryHeight},
                    showBatteryPercentage);
 
+  // Draw clock in header
+  if (SETTINGS.useClock) {
+    char clockStr[16];
+    HalClock::formatTime(clockStr, sizeof(clockStr), !SETTINGS.clockFormat12h);
+    renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, rect.x + LyraMetrics::values.contentSidePadding, rect.y + 5, clockStr);
+  }
+
   int maxTitleWidth =
       rect.width - LyraMetrics::values.contentSidePadding * 2 - (subtitle != nullptr ? maxSubtitleWidth : 0);
 

src/main.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <FontCacheManager.h>
 #include <FontDecompressor.h>
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
+#include <HalClock.h>
 #include <HalDisplay.h>
 #include <HalGPIO.h>
 #include <HalPowerManager.h>
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ void waitForPowerRelease() {
 void enterDeepSleep() {
   HalPowerManager::Lock powerLock;  // Ensure we are at normal CPU frequency for sleep preparation
   APP_STATE.lastSleepFromReader = activityManager.isReaderActivity();
+  HalClock::saveBeforeSleep(SETTINGS.useClock);
   APP_STATE.saveToFile();
 
   activityManager.goToSleep();
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ void enterDeepSleep() {
   LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Power button press calibration value: %lu ms", t2 - t1);
   LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Entering deep sleep");
 
-  powerManager.startDeepSleep(gpio);
+  powerManager.startDeepSleep(gpio, SETTINGS.useClock);
 }
 
 void setupDisplayAndFonts() {
@@ -258,6 +260,7 @@ void setup() {
   HalSystem::clearPanic();  // TODO: move this to an activity when we have one to display the panic info
 
   SETTINGS.loadFromFile();
+  HalClock::applyTimezone(SETTINGS.timeZone);
   I18N.loadSettings();
   KOREADER_STORE.loadFromFile();
   UITheme::getInstance().reload();
@@ -289,6 +292,7 @@ void setup() {
   activityManager.goToBoot();
 
   APP_STATE.loadFromFile();
+  HalClock::restore();
   RECENT_BOOKS.loadFromFile();
 
   // Boot to home screen if no book is open, last sleep was not from reader, back button is held, or reader activity
@@ -315,6 +319,7 @@ void loop() {
   static unsigned long lastMemPrint = 0;
 
   gpio.update();
+  HalClock::updatePeriodic();
 
   renderer.setFadingFix(SETTINGS.fadingFix);